k et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2019), antidiabetic (Qin et al., 2018; Su et al., 2019) and antidepressant (Ishola et al., 2012). It really is reported that AMF exerts anti-cancer activity through various mechanisms (CB2 Antagonist Source Guruvayoorappan and Kuttan, 2007; Lee et al., 2011; Pei et al., 2012; Zheng et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017a; Pan et al., 2017; Chiang et al., 2019; Hsu et al., 2019; Park and Kim, 2019; Chen et al., 2020b). In this evaluation, the biological activities of AMF is going to be discussed comprehensively.2012; Xu et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2019), metabolism regulation (Na et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2016; Yao et al., 2016; Qin et al., 2018; Su et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019), anxiolytic/antidepressant (Ishola et al., 2012) and anti-cancer (Banerjee et al., 2002b; Guruvayoorappan and Kuttan, 2007; Lee et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2011; Zheng et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017a; Pan et al., 2017; Yen et al., 2018; Chiang et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020b), etc. Along with the anti-oxidant effect, it has also been reported that AMF can promote oxidation (Wahyudi et al., 2018). The multifunctional biological activities of AMF are detailed in Table 1.two CHEMISTRY OF AMENTOFLAVONEAMF, also to become called 3, 8-biapigenin, belongs for the class of biflavonoids and polyflavonoids, among organic compounds which abundantly exist in Selaginella tamariscina (Selaginellaceae family) with C30H18O10 molecular formula plus a molecular weight of 538.46 g/mol. The international union of pure and applied chemistry (IUPAC) name of AMF is 8-(5-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4Hchromen-4-one. A registry number of the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) is 1617-53-4. AMF possesses a dimer of two apigenins with six hydroxyl groups on C5, C7, C4′, C5, C7, and C4”’ positions (Yu et al., 2017). Thus, AMF is deemed to be a flavonoid lipid molecule and is often a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water (0.0072 g/L at 25 ) and fairly neutral, but simply soluble in alcohol and DMSO (hmdb. ca/Cathepsin B Inhibitor Compound metabolites/HMDB0030832). The melting point of AMF is 300 . The 2D and 3D structures of AMF are shown in Figure 1 (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5281600).3.1 Anti-inflammatory ActivityInflammation is a natural defense mechanism that protects the human physique from a variety of infections (Ellis, 2001). Nonetheless, the development of inflammatory diseases for instance bronchitis, gastritis, enteritis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis is normally triggered by chronic inflammation (Kaplanski et al., 2003). Sorts of ailments have already been attempted to become treated by flavonoids as an anti-inflammation agent. Tordera et al. (1994) demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory activity of AMF can have an effect on neutrophil function via inhibiting -glucuronidase and lysozyme basal release in rat neutrophils. AMF also shows a possible anti-inflammatory activity by means of the inhibition on activities of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase inside the rat carrageenan paw edema model (Kim et al., 1998). AMF remedy decreases the inflammatory activation of mouse microglial cells just after hypoxic-ischeamic (H-I) injury (Shin et al., 2006). AMF could ameliorate IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion in mice by decreasing NF-B-mediated inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation (An et al., 2016). Moreover, AMF shows antiinflammatory activity by way of suppressing LPS-induced NO and PGE2, the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, as well as the inhibition
