Authors declare no Dipivefrin hydrochloride conflict of interest.
nutrientsArticleTime-Restricted Feeding Restores Obesity-Induced Alteration
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
nutrientsArticleTime-Restricted Feeding Restores Obesity-Induced Alteration in Adipose Tissue Immune Cell PhenotypeYoungyoon Lee 1 , Yelim Kim 1 , Minam Lee 1 , Dayong Wu 2 and Munkyong Pae 1, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (M.L.) Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Analysis Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-43-261-Citation: Lee, Y.; Kim, Y.; Lee, M.; Wu, D.; Pae, M. Time-Restricted Feeding Restores Obesity-Induced Alteration in Adipose Tissue Immune Cell Phenotype. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu13113780 Academic Editor: Michael Wirth Received: 28 September 2021 Accepted: 23 October 2021 Published: 25 OctoberAbstract: Research suggest that time-restricted feeding (TRF) could protect against obesity and its commodities. At present, little is identified about how TRF impacts immune cells, and whether or not such an effect is linked to altered metabolic parameters below situation of a high-fat eating plan (HFD)-induced obesity. To address these issues, we performed a study in which we determined whether or not TRF has therapeutic efficacy against ��-Tocotrienol Protocol weight get, adiposity, as well as related immune cell disturbance located in obese mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD ad libitum for six weeks, just after which time a subgroup of HFD mice was switched towards the ten h TRF paradigm (HFD-TRF) for added eight weeks. We identified that TRF intervention lowered HFD-induced weight obtain. Even with comparable fat mass and mean adipocyte region, the HFD-TRF group had lower mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokine Tnf and chemokine Ccl8, together with reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), CD11c+ ATM, and CD8+ T cell in comparison with the HFD group, when preserving CD8+ to CD4+ ratio at levels equivalent to those within the LFD group. Furthermore, TRF intervention was helpful in enhancing glucose tolerance and lowering HOMA-IR. Taken collectively, our findings recommend that TRF restores the obesity-induced alteration in immune cell composition, and this impact may perhaps in part contribute to well being positive aspects (which includes insulin sensitivity) of practicing TRF. Key phrases: insulin resistance; macrophages; obesity; T cells; time-restricted feeding1. Introduction Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is often a specific form of intermittent fasting, which can be primarily characterized by limiting the time window of power intake within a number of hours every day with no an overt try at modification [1]. Compared with these with ad libitum access to a high-fat eating plan, mice that have been subjected to every day TRF (85 h) for the duration of the active phase are largely protected from excessive body weight gain, adiposity, and/or insulin resistance under high-fat diet plan feeding along with other nutritional challenges [2]. In animal research, mice with pre-existing obesity because of ad libitum feeding of high-fat diet benefited from the therapeutic effects of TRF [2]. Similarly, human research have shown that males with prediabetes exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and blood pressure immediately after practicing TRF [6]. On the other hand, nevertheless, TRF out of sync using the circadian timing (i.e., feeding throughout the inactive phase) has been reported to become associated with negative effect on healt.
