Udy intervals on nitric oxide. The streptozotocin injection enhanced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) that differed significantly in various diet groups. The maximum activity (17.88 ?1.466 IU/mg protein) was recorded in control, while NSFO and NSEO groups were statistically at par with less activity as compared to control (Table 4). Likewise, the maximum activity of xanthine oxidase in control group (29.36 ?1.75 IU/mg protein) followed by fixed oil group (27.47 ?1.20 IU/mg protein) whereas the minimum activity (25.04 ?2.99 IU/mg protein) was observed in essential oil group. During eight-week study, xanthine oxidase activity decreased significantly from 29.03 ?1.21 to 25.10 ?1.11 and 29.45 ?1.12 to 19.33 ?0.86 IU/mg protein in NSFO and NSEO groups, respectively, and increased in control group. Means regarding nitric oxide (Table 4) demonstrated that group of rats fed with control diet showed a progressive increase from 23.42 ?1.35 to 27.13 ?1.38 nmol/dL, whereas fixed oil group reduced the level from 23.47 ?0.98 to 21.22 ?0.93 nmol/ dL. N. sativa essential oil treatment appeared more potent in modulating nitric oxide production.Correlation matrixThe complications associated with diabetes mellitus are often associated with the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The indices like antioxidant status and expression of various enzymes are important determinants. For this, correlation matrix was designed to check the interdependence of these attributes on each other (Table 5). It is obvious from the correlation coefficients that serum glucose level is positively associated with indices of immunopotentiating perspectives, i.e. xanthineTable 2 Effects of N. sativa fixed and essential oil on sodium dismutase catalase in diabetic ratsParameters SOD (IU/mg protein) Diets 0 D1 D2 D3 Catalase (IU/mg protein) D1 D2 D3 18.64 ?1.076c 17.27 ?0.722de 18.11 ?0.690 cd 8.57 ?0.326d 9.59 ?0.401b 8.63 ?0.498d Study intervals (Days) 28 19.65 ?0.637b 18.92 ?0.636c 13.65 ?0.665f 9.99 ?0.486b 9.20 ?0.309c 8.62 ?0.279d 56 22.43 ?1.137a 16.90 ?0.744e 12.71 ?0.564f 12.71 ?0.564a 8.49 ?0.374d 7.94 ?0.403eMeans sharing same letters in a column/row do not differ significantly at P < 0.05. D1 = control diet; D2 = N. sativa seed fixed oil; D3 = N. sativa seed essential oil.Sultan et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:193 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/Page 5 ofTable 3 Effects of N. sativa fixed and essential oil on hepatic antioxidants enzymes in diabetic ratsParameters Glutathione peroxidase (IU/mg protein) Diets 0 D1 D2 D3 Glutathione reductase (IU/mg protein) D1 D2 D3 Glutathione transferase (IU/mg protein) D1 D2 DMeans sharing same letters in a column/row do not differ significantly at P < 0.05. D1 = control diet; D2 = N. sativa seed fixed oil; D3 = N. sativa seed essential oil.Study intervals (Days) 28 62.50 ?2.025de 72.20 ?2.427c 77.75 ?3.785b 15.53 ?0.503de 18.33 ?0.616c 24.35 ?1.185b 0.74 ?0.024d 0.84 ?0.028c 0.80 ?0.039c 56 58.81 ?2.981e 78.70 ?3.466b 96.96 ?4.304a 14.60 ?0.740e 23.80 ?1.048b 29.36 ?1.303a 0.65 ?0.033e 0.95 ?0.042b 1.03 ?0.046a 65.68 ?3.790d 62.50 ?2.615de 62.86 ?2.394d TariquidarMedChemExpress Tariquidar pubmed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27362935 16.28 ?0.939d 15.53 ?0.649de 15.60 ?0.594de 0.75 ?0.043d 0.74 ?0.031d 0.73 ?0.028doxidase and nitric oxide (P < 0.01). However, glucose is in negative association with insulin (P < 0.01), total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05), and indices of antioxidant status, i.e. glutathione, - and -tocopherols (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hepa.
