Probably the most exploited is of course the solar one. A
Just about the most exploited is clearly the solar 1. A common Tenidap manufacturer Wireless architecture primarily based on solar power harvesting is described in [9]. The model takes advantage of an energy management module, which can be required given that energy and voltage provided by the harvesting modules are not compatible together with the specifications with the sensing portion in a lot of the situations. In addition, several power management circuits adopt techniques to maximize power extraction from various harvesting nodes, for example the Maximum Energy Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Solar power harvesting is straight related to yet another renewable source: thermoelectricity. The generation of heat coming from direct exposure of solar panels to sunlight, in actual fact, might be utilised to produce power by means of thermoelectric generators. In such a configuration, TEGs possess a dual advantage: very first of all, they could boost the overall energy generated by the architecture. Secondly, they are able to assist to lower the temperature in the solar cell, thus improving its performances. An instance can be identified in [10], exactly where the authors study the feasibility of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/thermal architecture. The PV panels are emulated by electrical resistance heaters, that are connected for the hot side of your TEG via a smaller quantity of thermal paste; the cold side, instead, is attached to a heat sink placed in a water tank. The authors of [11] propose a comparable architecture; within this case, the technique is DNQX disodium salt Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel utilized to supply a synchronous reluctance motor utilized for pumping applications.Energies 2021, 14,four ofTEGs have also been tested with direct solar irradiation; the prototype created by [12], for example, is really a solar water heating technique which employs a TEG to produce clean energy. Heat is supplied to the harvesting device by way of concentrated solar irradiation: indeed, by using a Fresnel lens, light is redirected to an aluminium pipe partially covered by a black absorbing paint and directly connected to the hot side on the TEG. Conversely, the cold side is connected to a cold water tank to attain a constant thermal gradient. Hybrid harvesting systems which embed TEGs are also adopted to power wireless networks attached towards the human physique, named Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Also, researchers have developed versatile and stretchable TEGs more than time, to be able to adapt them for the human physique, hence enhancing power production [13]. In the literature, there are plenty of research about flexible TEGs, that are primarily employed to harvest body heat [148]. An fascinating instance is proposed in [19], where the authors have developed a smart jacket prototype which requires benefit of solar cells also as thermoelectric and piezoelectric generators. The prototype integrates quite a few sensors whose main objective should be to check environmental parameters so that you can make certain workers’ safety. WSNs are also widely employed for agricultural [20] and environmental purposes, where the energy autonomy of single nodes can be a basic requirement [21]. In particular circumstances, TEGs can represent probably the most hassle-free option. An instance is supplied in [22], where TEGs can ensure the energy self-sufficiency of a monitoring station by exploiting heat coming from volcanic fumaroles. Forest monitoring is one more field exactly where WSNs are extensively employed, especially for fire detection [23]; in these situations, the so-called “ground-air thermoelectric generators” [24,25] represent a valid alternative to other energy sources, such as.
