Biology , www.biomedcentral.comPage ofproduction or uptake in microorganisms.Furthermore
Biology , www.biomedcentral.comPage ofproduction or uptake in microorganisms.In addition, numerous hydrogenases are thought to either directly or indirectly regulate other metabolic processes, including nitrogen metabolism .Therefore, understanding of phenotyperelated proteins necessary for activation and maturation of hydrogenases is significant for metabolic engineering of organisms.HydrogenaseTable Proteinprotein functional association network corresponding to Figure and description of hydrogenaserelated proteins present in Clostiridum acetotbutylicumSTRING ID CAC CAC CAC CAC CAC Protein ID HydA HydF HydE HydG Protein Description Hydrogenase I (Hydrogene dehydrogenase) Uncharacterized protein Predicted GTPase with uncharacterized domain Biotin synthase family members enzyme Thiamine biosynthesis enzymeWhen applied to HydA, a hydrogen making hydrogenase enzyme, the DENSE algorithm was able to recognize three maturation proteins that happen to be crucial for expression of a [FeFe] hydrogenase .They are HydE (CAC), HydF (CAC), and HydG (CAC) (Figure ; Table).When these proteins are present and interact with HydA, activation from the hydrogen creating [FeFe]hydrogenase occurs.In accordance with research on hydrogenases, deletion of one of the proteins will result in inactivation from the [FeFe]hydrogenase .Along with identifying essential protein clusters, the algorithm predicted an association involving an uncharacterized protein (Figure ; CAC) and PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295564 the three maturation proteins.In accordance with the STRING database, CAC is an uncharacterized protein.Because CAC is very interconnected with all the maturation proteins, it may be predicted that the protein is involved in development of the [FeFe]hydrogenase (HydA).Utilizing this information, the role of CAC in relation for the 3 maturation proteins could be characterized via genetic research then applied to bioengineering hydrogen producers.Application from the algorithm using hydrogenrelated 4-IBP supplier enzymes identified with Schmidt et al resulted in prediction of over , clusters (see More File) of phenotyperelated proteinprotein functional associations.Of these clusters, many protein functional association networks containing proteins connected with expression of crucial enzymes related to either hydrogen uptake have been identified.Examples of enzymes contain those involved in maturation of hydrogenase (HypE and HypD) and nitrogenase (Nif), and essential fermentation pathways for hydrogen production in anaerobic organisms.Within these clusters, bothknown and new associations among proteins involved in regulation, synthesis, and signalling of hydrogen producing pathways are identified.Review of our predicted proteinprotein association clusters for the hydrogen production phenotype revealed the presence of only one particular cluster containing identified hydrogenase proteins (Figure ; Table).Within this cluster are two [NiFe]maturation hydrogenase proteins (HypE and HypD) and phosphoheptose isomerase (GmhA).HypD (CAC) and HypE (CAC) proteins are depicted as connected, additional strengthening the significance of [NiFe]maturation proteins in impacting the all round hydrogen yields in hydrogenproducing organisms.Because Hyp proteins are involved in activation and synthesis of uptake hydrogenase enzymes , downregulation of HypD and HypE in Clostridium species are prospective targets for enhancing biological hydrogen production.The HypABC proteins, HypD and HypE are together functionally crucial for expression of the [NiFe]hydrogenase and deletion of one.
