?4.8) -0.27 (-0.70, 0.17)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 2. Cont.Pop et al., Netherlands [71] G1 (fT4 10th percentile) Gc (50th maternal fT4 90th) NVP-AUY922 mechanism of action Iodine AZD0156 site sufficient area G1 (fT4 10th percentile) Gc (50th maternal fT4 90th) Iodine sufficient area Radetti et al., Italy [72] Cohort Prospective G1 (treated for hypothyroidism) Gc (euthyroid: TSH < 4 mU/L with fT3 = 3.8 to 9.2 pmol/L and fT4 = 7.7 to 18 pmol/L) ID area Smit et al., Netherlands [73] Cohort Prospective G1 (hypo or subclinical hypothyroid) G2 (hyper or subclinical hyperthyroid) Gc (euthyroid: 1st trim: TSH = 0.3 to 2.0 mU/L; fT4 = 7.4 to 24.2 pmol/L; T3 = 2.0 to 3.6 nmol/L; 2nd trim: TSH = 0.5 to 2.3 mU/L; fT4 = 5.1 to 14.3 pmol/L; T3 = 2.2 to 3.8 nmol/L) Iodine sufficient area Notes: RCT (Randomized controlled trial); Effect size d (Standardized mean difference, SMD); SD (standard deviation); ID (iodine deficiency); KI (Potassium iodide); PW (Pregnant women); W (women of child bearing age); G1, G2, ..., Gc (Group 1, Group 2, ..., Group control); UIE (Urinary iodine excretion); T4 or tT4 (Thyroxine); fT4 (free thyroxine); T3 or tT3 (triiodothyronine); tT3 (free triiodothyronine); TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone); TPOAb (Thyroid peroxidase antibody); Tg (Thyroglobuline); TBG (Thyroxine binding globulin); BII (Butanol insoluble iodine); TI (serum iodine); PBI (Protein-bound iodine); BEI (Butanol extractable iodine); Outcome: + significant group difference, 0 no significant group difference; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. 24 months Bayley-I 0 G1 (104.2 ?1.0) = Gc (110.6 ?9.6) n = 20 G1 (n = 7) G2 (n = 7) Gc (n = 6) 12 months Bayley-I + 6 months T4, T3 and TSH at 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester Bayley-I + G1 (95.7 ?4.7) < Gc (112.4 ?3.2) * n = 29 G1 (n = 9) Gc (n = 20) 9 months T4, fT4, T3, fT3, TSH, TBG, Tg, TPOAb Brunet-L?zine Motor Social dev. Speech Eye-Hand coord 0 0 0 0 0 G1 (99 ?.5) = Gc (98 ?.4) G1 (n = 57) Gc (n = 58) 2 years Bayley-I + G1 (98 ?5) < Gc (106 ?4) * 0.53 (0.15, 0.91) G1 (n = 57) Gc (n = 58) 2 years Bayley-I + G1 (98 ?5) < Gc (106 ?4) * 0.53 (0.15, 0.91)-0.08 (0.91, 0.74)1.04 (-0.30 ,2.37)G1 (107.8 ?5.3) < Gc (123.5 ?7.8) * 0.97 (-0.35, 2.30)0.40 (-0.85, 1.64)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 3. Cohort prospective studies stratified by infant iodine status.Mental Author, country Design, groups Sample size Age at testing n = 61 G1 (n = 7) G2 (n = 9) G3 (n = 6) G4 (n = 5) G5 (n = 5) G6 (n = 7) G7 (n = 11) G8 (n = 11) n = 275 G1 (n = 94) G2 (n = 82) G3 (n = 41) Gc (n = 58) n = 135 13 months Bayley-II + + + Galan et al., Spain [47] Cohort prospective G1 (TSH 5 mU/L) Gc (TSH < 5 mU/L) Moderate ID area n = 61 G1 (n = 12) Gc (n = 49) 37?7 months Neonatal TSH (Mean = 40) McCarthy Verbal Perceptual Quantitative Memory Motor + + + 0 + 0 G1 (98.2 ?.3) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G2 (98.7 ?.3) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G3 (93.5 ?1.1) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G1 (95.1 ?2) < Gc (104.9) * G1 (49.2 ?.4) < Gc (56.9) * G1 (48.6 ?.7) < Gc (54.2) * G1 (43.7 ?.2) = Gc (47.3) G1 (43.3 ?.1) < Gc (50.1) * G1 (50.9 ?.9) = Gc (55.1) 0.81 (0.14, 1.5) 1.04 0.64 0.50 0.84 0.42 0.74 (0.14, 1.34) 7 months Cord TSH Fagan TII 0 + + G1 (58.9 ?.3) = Gc (59.6 ?.0) G2 (57.7 ?.6) < Gc (59.6 ?.0) G3 (57.5 ?.1) < Gc (59.6 ?.0) 0.66 (0.25, 1.08) 0.19 Biological indicator development test Bongers-Schokking et al., Cohort Prospective Netherlands [74] G1(severe CH early treat, high dose) G2 (severe CH early treat, low dose) G3 (severe CH late treat, high dose) G4 (severe CH, late treat, low dose) G5 (mild CH early treat, high dose).?4.8) -0.27 (-0.70, 0.17)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 2. Cont.Pop et al., Netherlands [71] G1 (fT4 10th percentile) Gc (50th maternal fT4 90th) Iodine sufficient area G1 (fT4 10th percentile) Gc (50th maternal fT4 90th) Iodine sufficient area Radetti et al., Italy [72] Cohort Prospective G1 (treated for hypothyroidism) Gc (euthyroid: TSH < 4 mU/L with fT3 = 3.8 to 9.2 pmol/L and fT4 = 7.7 to 18 pmol/L) ID area Smit et al., Netherlands [73] Cohort Prospective G1 (hypo or subclinical hypothyroid) G2 (hyper or subclinical hyperthyroid) Gc (euthyroid: 1st trim: TSH = 0.3 to 2.0 mU/L; fT4 = 7.4 to 24.2 pmol/L; T3 = 2.0 to 3.6 nmol/L; 2nd trim: TSH = 0.5 to 2.3 mU/L; fT4 = 5.1 to 14.3 pmol/L; T3 = 2.2 to 3.8 nmol/L) Iodine sufficient area Notes: RCT (Randomized controlled trial); Effect size d (Standardized mean difference, SMD); SD (standard deviation); ID (iodine deficiency); KI (Potassium iodide); PW (Pregnant women); W (women of child bearing age); G1, G2, ..., Gc (Group 1, Group 2, ..., Group control); UIE (Urinary iodine excretion); T4 or tT4 (Thyroxine); fT4 (free thyroxine); T3 or tT3 (triiodothyronine); tT3 (free triiodothyronine); TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone); TPOAb (Thyroid peroxidase antibody); Tg (Thyroglobuline); TBG (Thyroxine binding globulin); BII (Butanol insoluble iodine); TI (serum iodine); PBI (Protein-bound iodine); BEI (Butanol extractable iodine); Outcome: + significant group difference, 0 no significant group difference; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. 24 months Bayley-I 0 G1 (104.2 ?1.0) = Gc (110.6 ?9.6) n = 20 G1 (n = 7) G2 (n = 7) Gc (n = 6) 12 months Bayley-I + 6 months T4, T3 and TSH at 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester Bayley-I + G1 (95.7 ?4.7) < Gc (112.4 ?3.2) * n = 29 G1 (n = 9) Gc (n = 20) 9 months T4, fT4, T3, fT3, TSH, TBG, Tg, TPOAb Brunet-L?zine Motor Social dev. Speech Eye-Hand coord 0 0 0 0 0 G1 (99 ?.5) = Gc (98 ?.4) G1 (n = 57) Gc (n = 58) 2 years Bayley-I + G1 (98 ?5) < Gc (106 ?4) * 0.53 (0.15, 0.91) G1 (n = 57) Gc (n = 58) 2 years Bayley-I + G1 (98 ?5) < Gc (106 ?4) * 0.53 (0.15, 0.91)-0.08 (0.91, 0.74)1.04 (-0.30 ,2.37)G1 (107.8 ?5.3) < Gc (123.5 ?7.8) * 0.97 (-0.35, 2.30)0.40 (-0.85, 1.64)Nutrients 2013, 5 Table 3. Cohort prospective studies stratified by infant iodine status.Mental Author, country Design, groups Sample size Age at testing n = 61 G1 (n = 7) G2 (n = 9) G3 (n = 6) G4 (n = 5) G5 (n = 5) G6 (n = 7) G7 (n = 11) G8 (n = 11) n = 275 G1 (n = 94) G2 (n = 82) G3 (n = 41) Gc (n = 58) n = 135 13 months Bayley-II + + + Galan et al., Spain [47] Cohort prospective G1 (TSH 5 mU/L) Gc (TSH < 5 mU/L) Moderate ID area n = 61 G1 (n = 12) Gc (n = 49) 37?7 months Neonatal TSH (Mean = 40) McCarthy Verbal Perceptual Quantitative Memory Motor + + + 0 + 0 G1 (98.2 ?.3) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G2 (98.7 ?.3) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G3 (93.5 ?1.1) < Gc (102.5 ?.2) * G1 (95.1 ?2) < Gc (104.9) * G1 (49.2 ?.4) < Gc (56.9) * G1 (48.6 ?.7) < Gc (54.2) * G1 (43.7 ?.2) = Gc (47.3) G1 (43.3 ?.1) < Gc (50.1) * G1 (50.9 ?.9) = Gc (55.1) 0.81 (0.14, 1.5) 1.04 0.64 0.50 0.84 0.42 0.74 (0.14, 1.34) 7 months Cord TSH Fagan TII 0 + + G1 (58.9 ?.3) = Gc (59.6 ?.0) G2 (57.7 ?.6) < Gc (59.6 ?.0) G3 (57.5 ?.1) < Gc (59.6 ?.0) 0.66 (0.25, 1.08) 0.19 Biological indicator development test Bongers-Schokking et al., Cohort Prospective Netherlands [74] G1(severe CH early treat, high dose) G2 (severe CH early treat, low dose) G3 (severe CH late treat, high dose) G4 (severe CH, late treat, low dose) G5 (mild CH early treat, high dose).
